Igihekane ni ijwi ry’inyunge ryandikishwa ingombajwi zirenze imwe. Izo ngombajwi zishobora kuba ebyiri, eshatu, enye cyangwa se eshanu. Ibihekane bikoreshwa mu Kinyarwanda ni ibi: mb, mf, mp, mv, nd, ng, ny, sh, nj, nk, ns, ts, nsh, nshy, nt, nz, ...
LEARN IT Latest Articles
Written literature
LEARN ITWritten literature refers literature which is written down. It includes all written works. Written literature is used in contrast to oral literature. This form of literature is transmitted by writing. Written literature which is the human expression through writing; started ...
Determiners of quantity
LEARN ITA determiner is a word or group of words that come(s) before a noun to make it clear, and show what the noun is referring to. The determiners of quantity (quantifiers) indicate the quantity of nouns. They include much, many, ...
Ibisakuzo II
LEARN ITSakwe Sakwe… ! Soma! Bagatake bagasamaze bakabikire ubwiza bwako=Imanzi mu maribori Bagiteye icumu gicumba umwotsi = Ikinyugunyugu Baguhaga akabando warwaye iki? = Igikoro Bakaribata n’umuhungu we Bajogo = Icyiyoni Bakobwa nararushye = ...
Umuvugo-Uri mwiza Mama
LEARN ITKoko uri mwiza si ukubeshya Sinkurata bimwe bisanzwe Abantu benshi bakabya cyane Amezi cyenda mu nda yawe Untwite ugenda wigengesereye Udahuga wanga ko mpugana. Ngo igihe mvutse ntarareba Umfureba neza ndanezerwa Ngira ubushyuhe imbeho ntiyaza Imbehe yanjye ubwo ikaba ibere. ...
European literary traditions
LEARN ITA literary tradition refers to some common features or characteristics that define literature of a group of people at a certain period of time. These features relate to form and meaning of the literature of the given place or time ...
Forms of literature – Oral and written literature
LEARN ITLiterature exists in two forms: Oral literature and written literature. Oral literature Oral literature refers to literature which is disseminated/transmitted or spread by word of mouth. It refers to any form of verbal art which ...
Literature notes-S5-Chap I
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR FIVE CONTENTS UNIT 1: EUROPEAN LITERARY TRADITIONS 1 UNIT 2: UNDERSTANDING PROSE UNIT 3: THEMES IN AFRICAN NOVELS UNIT 4: EPIC POETRY UNIT 5: ODES UNIT 6: RHYTHM IN AFRICAN POETRY UNIT 7: DEVELOPMENT OF ...
Key aspects of prose
LEARN ITKey aspects of prose are the basic elements on which the story is built upon. Those key aspects of prose include plot, setting, characters, point of view, subject, themes, messages, audience, atmosphere and purpose. A. PLOT Plot is ...
Ingombajwi z’Ikinyarwanda
LEARN ITIngombajwi ni amajwi yitabaza inyajwi kugira ngo avugike neza/ku buryo bwatuye. Ingombajwi z’Ikinyarwanda ni izi zikurikira: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z. Iyo zanditswe nk’inyuguti nkuru zandikwa zitya: ...
Umuvugo-Umunyamerwe
LEARN ITNi Ruhaya rw’isekurume Rwa murarika icyanwa Iyo yarase igihembe Udusekurume turayihunga. Igira ibihembe bireba inyuma Ikagira ubwanwa irarika iteka; Igira umugara wo ku mugongo Ikawushinga iri ku rugamba. Igira imihore myiza cyane Ikaba itungo ryo mu batindi. Iyo bayikuyeho uruhu ...
Umwandiko-Umugani wa Nyangufi na bakuru be III
LEARN ITAbabyeyi bakomeje kwibaza uko bazagenza abo bana birabashobera. Bukeye bongera kwigira inama yo kongera kubata mu ishyamba ariko noneho mu ishyamba ry’ingati. Iyo nama bayijyaga bibwira ko nta we ubumva nyamara Nyangufi byose yarabyumvaga. Amaze kumva ubwo bugambanyi aribwira ati:«Imana ...
Ibisakuzo
LEARN ITIbisakuzo ni umukino wo mu magambo ugizwe n’ibibazo n’ibisubizo byabyo, abantu baba babazanya ndetse banasubizanya; bigahimbaza cyane abakuru n’abato kandi bikaba birimo ubuhanga kuko byigisha gutekereza cyane. Ibisakuzo ni umukino nyurabwenge kandi igisakuzo gisakuzwa mu magambo yacyo kikicwa mu magambo ...
Umugani-Nkuba na Gikeri
LEARN ITNkuba yibereye aho agatura mu ijuru, Gikeri akaba mu nsi. Gikeri yagenda akagenda asimbuka. Nkuba akibera hejuru agakubita hirya no hino. Umunsi umwe aza gukubita ajya hasi, asanga Gikeri yarubatse, arasakara, afite urugo rukomeye. Nkuba abaza Gikeri ati: «Ese Gikeri, ...
Umwandiko-Umugani wa Nyangufi na bakuru be I
LEARN ITUmugabo yari afite umugore maze babyarana abana barindwi b’abahungu; uw’imfura yari ageze nko mu kigero cy’imyaka icumi. Umwuga w’uwo mugabo wari uwo kwasa inkwi akazigurisha agakuramo amafaranga yo kumutunga we n’ab’iwe bose. Bari abakene cyane bagahora bafite umutima uhagaze kuko ...
Umwandiko-Magorwa, Intare na Bakame
LEARN ITKera habayeho umugabo akitwa Magorwa. Yari atunze inka, intama n’ihene. Umunsi umwe yahura inka ze araziragira. Igihe cy’igicamunsi kigeze, intare iraza iti: “Yewe wa mugabo we, izi nka uragiye ni iza nde?” Magorwa ati: “Ni izanjye.” Intare iti: “Uranzi?” Magorwa ...
The use of ICT in Manufacturing and Production
LEARN ITInformation and Communication Technology is generally used in factories and industries. It is used in the manufacturing and production of goods and materials. ICT-based systems such as Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Computer-Aided Design, and Computer-Aided Engineering are used to monitor and control ...
Umwandiko-Umugani wa Nyangufi na bakuru be II
LEARN ITNuko basesera muri iryo shyamba. Iryo shyamba ryari inzitane ku buryo nta muntu washoboraga kubona undi iyo yabaga amusizeho nk’intambwe icumi. Ubwo ariko nyina wa ba bana yasaga n’uwaciye kuko yari azi ibyari bigiye kubabaho kandi adashoboye kubakiza cyangwa ngo ...
Ibisakuzo I
LEARN ITSakwe Sakwe… ! Soma! Abagwabiro bashinze inteko = Umucaca Abakobwa ba Ruhinda baturutse ikuzimu bambaye inyonga = Amateke/ Insina Abakobwa banjye babyina bose = Imirya y’inanga Abakobwa banjye banagana amajosi= Urugoyi rwibishyimbo Abakobwa banjye barara bahagaze bwacya ...
Ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda
LEARN ITIkinyarwanda ni ururimi kavukire rw’Abanyarwanda ruvugwa mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda kuburyo abenegihugu bose bashobora kumvikana. Ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda ntiruvugwa mu Rwanda gusa ahubwo runavugwa no mu bihugu bigize Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Bimwe muri ibyo bihugu Ikinyarwanda kivugwamo ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ...
Ibisakuzo VIII
LEARN ITSakwe Sakwe… ! Soma! I Burundi n’i Bunyabungo inama ni imwe = Inkono ku ziko I Gisaka ntibacinyira bangana amacinya = Amenyo I Mabara zirarabagirana = Impururu z’umutindi I Nyarukomba baratema = Ubuheri mu gihata ...
Ibisakuzo X
LEARN ITSakwe Sakwe… ! Soma! Kabaga arabagira ku ishyamba = Agahinda mu nda Kabandabanda mu murima wa Marara = Imbwa Kabatama i Bukoma = Akagata mu rwondo Kabatama ku bukoro = Ingata mu ruhira Kabindibirima nzagusanga ...
Literature notes-S1-Chap I
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR ONE COURSE CONTENTS UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY GENRES: FICTION AND NON-FICTION UNIT II: INTRODUCTION TO PROSE: PLOT, SETTING & CHARACTERS UNIT III: INTRODUCTION TO POETRY UNIT IV: THEMES AND MESSAGES IN POETRY UNIT V: LANGUAGE USE IN ...
Ibihekane: ND na NG
LEARN ITIgihekane “nd/ND” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: ndi ndu ndo nda nde Mu nyuguti nkuru: NDI NDU NDO NDA NDE Igihekane nd/ND mu magambo Indimu Igitanda Irondo Amatunda Indege Umuhanda Ibendera Kalinda Induru Indobo Igihekane “nd” mu nteruro Abana bakunda ...
Umwandiko-Inkomoko y’urupfu
LEARN ITInkuba, umwami, Imana n’urupfu byavaga inda imwe. Umunsi rero bihabwa umunani, inkuba ihabwa umunani mu ijuru; umwami ahabwa umunani mu nsi, Imana ihabwa umunani mu nsi no mu ijuru. Imana itunga ibyayo, umwami atunga ibye, inkuba itunga ibyayo, urupfu ruhabwa ...
Ibisakuzo VII
LEARN ITSakwe Sakwe… ! Soma! Hagarara hakuno mpagarare hakurya duterane ibidashyika = Ibipfunsi Hagarara hakuno, mpagarare hakurya turate abeza =Amenyo Hagarara hakurya mpagarare hakuno duterane ibidashyika=Ibipfunsi Hagarara mu itahe nanjye mpagarare mu itongo = Intashya Hagarara ...
Literature notes-S4-Chap I
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR FOUR COURSE CONTENTS UNIT 1: REVIEW THE KEY ASPECTS OF PROSE UNIT 2: INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN LITERARY TRADITIONS UNIT 3: LITERARY TECHNIQUES IN NOVELS UNIT 4: THEMES AND MESSAGES IN A NOVEL UNIT ...
Umwandiko-Inshuti nyanshuti
LEARN ITKera habayeho umugabo Ndebe akaba umukungu kandi akagira inshuti eshatu yitaga iz’amagara. Umunsi umwe yenga inzoga atumira abe bose na za nshuti ze baranywa baranezerwa. Bamaze kwizihirwa, umwe muri bo witwaga Nzamurambaho arahaguruka ati : “Ndagukunda, none nguhaye inka.” Abari ...
Ibihekane: NY na SH
LEARN ITIgihekane “ny/NY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: nyi nyu nyo nya nye Mu nyuguti nkuru: NYI NYU NYO NYA NYE Igihekane “ny” mu magambo Inyama Inyoni Abanyamahanga Inyenyeri Nyarugenge Inyabarasanya Umunyu Kunyonga Inyanya Amenyo Igihekane “ny” mu nteruro Iriya nyogosho ...
Inyajwi z’Ikinyarwanda
LEARN ITBuri rurimi ruvugwa n’abantu rugira ibimenyetso bifashisha bandika amajwi yarwo. Abenerurimi ni bo bihitiramo ibimenyetso bakoresha mu rurimi rwabo kugira ngo bashyikirane. Ni ukuvuga ko indimi nyinshi zivugwa ku isi zidakoresha ibimenyetso bimwe cyangwa se bingana. Ibyo bimenyetso ni byo ...
Literature notes-S6-Chap VII
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR SIX TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT I: EUROPEAN LITERARY TRADITIONS UNIT II: STRUCTURE IN MODERN PROSE UNIT III: ELEGY AND EPITAPH UNIT IV: LIMERICKS- RHYTHM AND RHYME UNIT V: FREE VERSE UNIT VI: THEATRE OF THE ABSURD UNIT VII: RADIO ...
Umwandiko-Ndabaga
LEARN ITUmugabo yabaye aho, bukeye abyara umukobwa amwita Ndabaga. Yamaze kumubyara, asiga ari uruhinja aratabara. Arahaba, nuko yabona uturutse iwabo, akamubaza uko umwana we angana. Bakamubwira ngo amaze kuba mukuru. Abandi batabaranye na we bagakurwa bagataha, we akabura umukura, kuko yari ...
Literature notes-S3-Chap I
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR THREE COURSE CONTENTS UNIT I: REVIEW OF KEY ASPECTS OF PROSE UNIT II: PLOT DEVELOPMENT UNIT III: TONE, ATMOSPHERE AND PURPOSE UNIT IV: TYPES OF POETRY AND POEMS UNIT V: POETIC DEVICES UNIT VI: CONTEXT AND PLOT DEVELOPMENT ...
Umwandiko-Mutima muke wo mu rutiba I
LEARN ITUmunsi umwe imbwa yarakugendeye ijya gushaka ubuhake ku ngwe. Ingwe irayibwira iti: “Ko imbwa mukunda amagufwa, naho twe tukayazira, naguhaka nte?” Imbwa irayisubiza iti: “Impamvu duhekenya amagufwa, ni uko tutabona inyama; mbonye inyama, amagufwa se kandi nayashakaho iki?” Ingwe iti: ...
Umwandiko-Inzoka n’uruyongoyongo
LEARN ITKera habayeho inzoka n’uruyongoyongo maze biracudika, ndetse bigeza n’aho kunywana. Uruyongoyongo rubwira inzoka, ruti: “Mbere yo kunywana, ndabanza nasame undebe mu nda, nurangiza nanjye ndore mu yawe.” Inzoka iti: “Ese ibyo urabishakira iki nshuti twabanye?” Ruti: “Ndagira ngo ndebe ko ...
Ibihekane: KW na MB
LEARN ITIgihekane “kw/KW” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: kwi – – kwa kwe Mu nyuguti nkuru: KWI – – KWA KWE Igihekane “kw” mu magambo Urukwavu Ukwezi Igikwasi Umukwege Sebukwe Kwibaruka Urukwi Ukwizera Gukwirakwiza Urukweto Igihekane “kw” mu nteruro Gakwaya yaguze udukwi duke. ...
Umugani-Bakame n’impyisi
LEARN ITKera Bakame yacuditse n’impyisi, biranywana, birabana bishyira kera. Ariko Bakame ikababazwa n’uko impyisi iyirusha ubukungu. Bukeye Bakame ibwira impyisi iti: “Reka ducuruze impu, ubukungu bwawe burusheho kwiyongera, ndetse ungurize ibintu byo gutangiza, nzajye nkungukira.” Impyisi irabyemera. Bitangira gucuruza impu, zimaze ...
Literature notes-S6-Chap II
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR SIX TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT I: EUROPEAN LITERARY TRADITIONS UNIT II: STRUCTURE IN MODERN PROSE UNIT III: ELEGY AND EPITAPH UNIT IV: LIMERICKS- RHYTHM AND RHYME UNIT V: FREE VERSE ...
Literature notes-S5-Chap II
LEARN ITCLASS: SENIOR FIVE CONTENTS UNIT 1: EUROPEAN LITERARY TRADITIONS 1 UNIT 2: UNDERSTANDING PROSE UNIT 3: THEMES IN AFRICAN NOVELS UNIT 4: EPIC POETRY UNIT 5: ODES UNIT 6: RHYTHM IN AFRICAN POETRY UNIT 7: DEVELOPMENT OF ...
Umwandiko-Ibyifuzo bitatu
LEARN ITUmugabo n’umugore b’abakene bari batuye iruhande rw’ishyamba. Umunsi umwe ku kagoroba, itumba rica ibintu, batangira kuganira, bavuga iby’abaturanyi babo bifataga nabi kandi bafite ibintu bitagira ingano. Umugore aza kuvuga ati: «Uwankiza sinamera nka bariya!» Umugabo ati: «Ni ishyano kubona bene ...
Umwandiko-Umugani w’Umukobwa wo mu gisabo
LEARN ITUmugabo yashatse umugore, uko uwo mugore asamye, inda ikavamo. Abibonye atyo ajya kuraguza. Umupfumu ati: «Ubwo usama inda ikavamo, niwongera gusama inda uzajye uyuhagiza amata, uyisige amavuta, ntuzayikoze amazi kandi uzayirinde izuba. Nubyara umwana, ntazajye ku zuba, kandi na we ...
Ibihekane: MPY na NTY
LEARN ITIgihekane “mpy/MPY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: mpyi mpyu mpyo mpya mpye Mu nyuguti nkuru: MPYI MPYU MPYO MPYA MPYE Igihekane “mpy” mu magambo Igihekane “mpy” mu nteruro Igihekane “nty/NTY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: ntyi ntyu ntyo ntya ntye ...
Ibihekane: SHY na NGW
LEARN ITIgihekane “shy/SHY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: shyi shyu shyo shya shye Mu nyuguti nkuru: SHYI SHYU SHYO SHYA SHYE Igihekane “shy” mu magambo Igihekane “shy” mu nteruro Igihekane “ngw/NGW” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: ngwi – – ngwa ngwe Mu nyuguti ...
Ibihekane: NDW na NZW
LEARN ITIgihekane “ndw/NDW” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: ndwi ndwu ndwo ndwa ndwe Mu nyuguti nkuru: NDWI NDWU NDWO NDWA NDWE Igihekane “ndw” mu magambo Igihekane “ndw” mu nteruro Igihekane “nzw/NZW” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: nzwi nzwu nzwo nzwa nzwe ...
Ibihekane: NDY na NJY
LEARN ITIgihekane “ndy/NDY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: ndyi ndyu ndyo ndya ndye Mu nyuguti nkuru: NDYI NDYU NDYO NDYA NDYE Igihekane “ndy” mu magambo Igihekane “ndy” mu nteruro Igihekane “nny/NNY” cyongeweho inyajwi Mu nyuguti nto: njyi njyu njyo njya njye ...